Evaluation of thin film composite forward osmosis membranes: effect of polyamide preparation conditions

Abstract. The forward osmosis (FO) process has been considered for desalination as a competitive option with respect to the traditional reverse process. interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction between two monomers (i.e., m-phenylenediamine, MPD, and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride, TMC) is typically used prepare selective polyamide layer that prevents salts allows water molecules pass. In this research, we investigated effect of preparation conditions (MPD contact time, TMC addition an amine salt) on FO performance in terms flux salt flux. results showed increasing MPD time resulted significant increase However, caused decline both optimum condition gave highest (64 L m?2 h?1) was found be 5 min 1 TMC. camphorsulfonic acid-triethylamine (CSA-TEA) able have apparent by (74.5 h?1).